ThreadLocal

ThreadLocal 作为 Thread 中的 ThreadLocalMap 的 key 。

Example

public class ThreadLocalExample {

    public static class MyRunnable implements Runnable {

        private ThreadLocal threadLocal = new ThreadLocal();

        @Override
        public void run() {
            threadLocal.set((int) (Math.random() * 100D));
            try {
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {

            }
            System.out.println(threadLocal.get());
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
         MyRunnable sharedRunnableInstance = new MyRunnable();
         Thread thread1 = new Thread(sharedRunnableInstance);
         Thread thread2 = new Thread(sharedRunnableInstance);
         thread1.start();
         thread2.start();
    }

}

get and Set

/**
	* Sets the current thread's copy of this thread-local variable
    * to the specified value.  Most subclasses will have no need to
    * override this method, relying solely on the {@link #initialValue}
    * method to set the values of thread-locals.
    *
    * @param value the value to be stored in the current thread's copy of
 	*        this thread-local.
 */
public void set(T value) {
    Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
    ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
    if (map != null)
        map.set(this, value);
    else
        createMap(t, value);
}

/**
	* Returns the value in the current thread's copy of this
    * thread-local variable.  If the variable has no value for the
    * current thread, it is first initialized to the value returned
    * by an invocation of the {@link #initialValue} method.
    *
    * @return the current thread's value of this thread-local
*/
public T get() {
    Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
    ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
    if (map != null) {
        ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
        if (e != null) {
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            T result = (T)e.value;
            return result;
        }
    }
    return setInitialValue();
}

hash冲突

当set发生hash冲突时，获取数组中下一个可插入的位置：

private void set(ThreadLocal<?> key, Object value) {

    // We don't use a fast path as with get() because it is at
    // least as common to use set() to create new entries as
    // it is to replace existing ones, in which case, a fast
    // path would fail more often than not.

    Entry[] tab = table;
    int len = tab.length;
    int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (len-1);

    for (Entry e = tab[i];
         e != null;
         e = tab[i = nextIndex(i, len)]) {
        ThreadLocal<?> k = e.get();

        if (k == key) {
            e.value = value;
            return;
        }

        if (k == null) {
            replaceStaleEntry(key, value, i);
            return;
        }
        
        // 走到这里，说明key不相等，即发生了key的冲突，通过nextIndex 获取下一个可用的位置
    }

    tab[i] = new Entry(key, value);
    int sz = ++size;
    if (!cleanSomeSlots(i, sz) && sz >= threshold)
        rehash();
}

内存泄露

ThreadLocalMap使用ThreadLocal的弱引用作为key，如果一个ThreadLocal没有外部强引用来引用它，那么系统 GC 的时候，这个ThreadLocal势必会被回收，这样一来，ThreadLocalMap中就会出现key为null的Entry，就没有办法访问这些key为null的Entry的value，如果当前线程再迟迟不结束的话，这些key为null的Entry的value就会一直存在一条强引用链：Thread Ref -> Thread -> ThreaLocalMap -> Entry -> value永远无法回收，造成内存泄漏。
其实，ThreadLocalMap的设计中已经考虑到这种情况，也加上了一些防护措施：在ThreadLocal的get(),set(),remove()的时候都会清除线程ThreadLocalMap里所有key为null的value。

static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> {
    /** The value associated with this ThreadLocal. */
    Object value;

    Entry(ThreadLocal<?> k, Object v) {
        super(k);
        value = v;
    }
}

深入分析 ThreadLocal 内存泄漏问题
ThreadLocal 内存泄露的实例分析